Navigating through empirical formulas versus molecular formulas will help you in conversions, unknowns, and so many exam problems. This video explains the definitions, similarities, and differences between an atom’s empirical formula and its molecular formula. You will also see when the empirical and molecular formulas are the same, and a percent by mass example! (Watch […]
Molecular Weight and Formula Weight Calculations
Molecular weight and formula weight calculations are key to understanding the specifics behind any MCAT reaction and experiment. This includes both atomic mass unit and grams per mole calculations. And maybe even the conversion from AMU to g/mol. This video shows you how to find molecular weight in AMUs, grams per mole, and formula weight […]
Introduction to Reactions and Stoichiometry in MCAT General Chemistry
Stoichiometry is part of MCAT Chemistry Content Category 4E. This video introduces the terms you will need for mastering this content category. Learn the distinctions between atoms, compounds, covalent bonds vs ionic bonds, molecular formula vs empirical, theoretical yield vs actual yield, and much more. (Watch on YouTube: Intro to Stoichiometry. Click cc for transcription.) Links […]
Gabriel Malonic Ester Synthesis of Alpha Amino Acids
Gabriel Malonic Ester Synthesis is the second AAMC required reaction for the synthesis of alpha amino acids. As the name implies, this reaction utilizes Gabriel Amine Synthesis and Malonic Ester Synthesis, but with a twist. This video shows you the reaction overview followed by a step by step breakdown of important mechanism steps. (Watch on […]
Strecker Synthesis of Amino Acids
Strecker Synthesis is one of the first laboratory methods for synthesizing an alpha amino acid. Strecker synthesis starts out with a nucleophilic addition of nitrogen to an aldehyde followed by a SECOND nucleophilic addition of cyanide (nitrile group) to the imine intermediate. This video walks you through the overall reaction followed by a step by step […]
Peptide Charge and Isoelectric Point Shortcut
Charge and isoelectric point of peptides are determined by the individual amino acids. Both the backbone groups (N and C terminus) and the individual side chains. The previous video showed you how to find the charge and pI of individual amino acids. This tutorial shows you how to find them for a group of amino […]
Isoelectric Point of Amino Acids with MCAT shortcut
Isoelectric point calculations are critical in your biochemistry course and MCAT prep. The isoelectric point or pI gives you the pH at which the molecule has a net zero charge. This comes from a balance of protonation and deprotonation so that all positive and negative charges cancel out. This video shows you how to calculate […]
Zwitterion and Amino Acid Charge Tutorial Video
Amino acids exist as zwitterions at physiological pH. A zwitterion by definition is a molecule with 2 (zwitter) ions, one positive and one negative for a net zero charge. This video shows you how to quickly calculate amino acid charge at any given pH by helping you recognize when a given side chain is protonated or […]
Introduction to Amino Acids in MCAT Biochemistry
Understanding the structure and nature of Amino Acids is critical to understanding biological molecules and reactions as they are tested on the MCAT. This is the first in an in-depth MCAT Amino Acid series covering the basic structure and side chain characteristics. (Watch on YouTube: Amino Acids Intro Click cc on the bottom right for video […]
Fischer Projection Stereochemistry Finding R and S for Single and Multiple Chiral Centers
Finding chirality for a 2-dimensional Fischer projection can be tricky. But it doesn’t have to be. This video shows you how to prioritize and rank groups on a Fischer projection when you have one or more chiral center. This video also addresses chirality when group #4 (H) is not going down/into the page (click to […]
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