Fischer projections crop in both organic chemistry and biochemistry. After studying my Fischer Projection tutorial series try your hand at this short quiz and see how you do. The questions range from simple to intermediate and are designed to help you figure out where you stand. If you find yourself stuck on any given problem […]
Cyclohexane Chair to Double Newman Quiz Challenge Question
This video walks you through the Chair Conformations Practice Quiz bonus question B – Converting a cyclohexane chair conformation to double Newman Projections. Practice is ESSENTIAL to mastering Organic Chemistry. You have to be able to apply the skills you are learning. First, complete the Cyclohexane Chair Conformations Practice Quiz, and then watch this video where I go over the Challenge Question […]
Acetal Reactions Practice Quiz
The quiz below requires some mastery in reactions, intermediates, and step-by-step mechanisms. Not ready? Start by gaining your foundation in the Acetal Tutorial Video Series! Scroll to the very bottom of this quiz for a link to the FREE quiz solutions PDF (Coming Soon!) to ensure you’ve got this down. The solutions walkthrough video is available in the […]
Halogenation Of Alkenes Tutorial Video
Alkene Reactions Series: Video 4 Halogenation of alkenes is the reaction in which a double bond is broken and replaced by a vicinal dihalide – 2 halogen atoms added to neighboring carbons. This reaction follows a pattern of anti addition. The goal of this video is to help you understand rather than memorize concepts related […]
Halohydrin Formation
Alkene Reactions Series: Video 5 This tutorial takes you through the halohydrin formation mechanism, a type of electrophilic addition which adds both a halogen and alcohol to an alkene by using water instead of an inert solvent like CH2Cl2 or CCL4 to yield a halohydrin which features both a halogen and alcohol on the carbon […]
Acid Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes
Acid catalyzed hydration of alkenes is the reaction in which a pi bond is broken and an alcohol added to the Markovnikov position when carried out in water. When alcohol is used as the reaction solvent, an ether will form following the same reaction mechanism. The video below is Part 6 in my Alkene Reaction […]
Hydride Shift and Methyl Shift Mechanism
Hydride shifts and methyl shifts can occur in organic chemistry reactions if there is a carbocation intermediate. While Markovnikov’s rule places the carbocation on the more substituted of the 2 former sp2 (double-bound) carbon atoms, if there is an EVEN MORE substituted carbon nearby, you’ll get a carbocation rearrangement. These videos help you understand the […]
Markovnikov vs Anti-Markovnikov in Alkene Addition Reactions
Markovnikov’s Rule tells us where to add the nucleophile and hydrogen in an asymmetrical alkene addition reaction. This is a critical pattern to both understand and recognize when studying alkene addition reactions. What is Markovnikov’s rule all about and how does this impact regioselectivity in electrophilic addition reactions? As you follow along with my alkene reactions […]
Carbocation Stability and Ranking
Carbocations arise so frequently in Organic Chemistry that recognizing them must become second nature. After reading this tutorial, you should be able to eyeball a molecule and determine where a carbocation is likely to form as well as its potential stability. This will help you master carbocation intermediate reactions down the line including Markovnikov alkene addition […]
Pencil Trick For Classifying Primary Secondary and Tertiary Carbon Atoms
As an organic chemistry tutor, one of the first and more complicated topics that my students need help with is how to quickly recognize primary, secondary and tertiary carbon atoms within a molecule. There are a number of ways to do this. I’ll explain them then show you a trick you can apply to get […]
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